Structural Isomers Definition and Examples

Structural isomers are isomers that have the same component atoms but they are arranged differently from each other. Structural isomerism is also known as constitutional isomerism. Contrast this with stereoisomerism, where isomers have the same atoms in the same order and with the same bonds, but oriented differently in three-dimensional space. Key Takeaways: Structural or Constitutional Isomerism Structural or constitutional isomers share the same chemical formulas, but their atoms are arranged differently.The three types of structural isomers are skeletal isomers, positional isomers, and functional group isomers.Structural isomers differ from stereoisomers, which share the same chemical formulas and same order of atoms, but have different three-dimensional configurations. Types of Structural Isomers There are three categories of structural isomers: Skeletal isomerism (also called chain isomerism) - structural isomers in which components of the skeleton are arranged in a different order. This is most commonly seen when the skeleton or backbone consists of a carbon chain.Position isomerism (also called regioisomerism) - constitutional isomers in which a functional group or substituent changes position on a parent structure.Functional group isomerism - structural isomers with the same molecular formula, but with atoms connected differently so dissimilar functional groups are formed. Structural Isomer Examples Butane and isobutane (C4H10) are structural isomers of each other.Pentan-1-ol, pentan-2-ol, and pentan-3-ol are structural isomers that exhibit position isomerism.Cyclohexane and hex-1-ene are examples of functional group structural isomers. Sources Poppe, Laszlo; Nagy, Jozsef; Hornyanszky, Gabor; Boros, Zoltan; Mihaly, Nogradi (2016). Stereochemistry and Stereoselective Synthesis: An Introduction. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-3-527-33901-3.

Critical Analysis of a Passage from Horace Walpoles...

Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto, is acknowledged by many as the first gothic novel. It was the first of it’s kind and many of the conventions used by Walpole, which put it in a literary genre of it’s own, were continued by authors such as Ann Radcliffe and Matthew Lewis. Many of these defining characteristics can be seen within the very first few pages of the text and for the purposes of this essay, to identify some of these conventions used and the relevance of this text to modernity I shall focus this analysis on the passage between pages twenty-four and twenty-six from the Oxford World’s Classics edition. The gothic novel emerged during the late eighteenth century and the ‘Age of Enlightenment’, which emphasised rationality†¦show more content†¦In Otranto, Walpole challenges his societies views of modernity and transgresses social laws by introducing the theme of incest into his novel with Manfred preying of his deceased son’s betrothed, Isabella. This brings into play three defining features which became prevalent within gothic novels of the late eighteenth century: women in distress; women being threatened by powerful males; and the major theme of fear and in this example, specifically female fear. Isabella, a young, virginal woman becomes â€Å"half dead with fright† when faced with potential rape and becoming a spoiled woman at the hands of the powerful and threatening Manfred. Such suggestions, by Walpole’s age were seen as scandalous and caused moral outrage, a thread that was carried through the gothic genre. This new genre may have pr ovided for many, an escape from the rigid world of enlightenment. It brought to them a world of imagination and allowed them to immerse themselves in a world which had been morally forbidden and they could do it from the privacy of their own homes, allowing their indulgence, and perhaps, immoral thoughts to go unnoticed, providing a way for the darkness and immoral thoughts to come alive outside of the novel. At the end of the novel however, society’s moral ideals surface as Manfred retires to a convent after the realisation of his sins and order is restored. In this way, although Walpole is exposing his readers to these ideas, he wouldShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Gothic Genre and What it Entails6177 Words   |  25 Pagesof Hell itself, and to find things familiar in the world of make believe.. Marquis (Donatien Alphonse) de Sade, Reflections on the Novel., 1800. Gothic literature has been an area of critical contention since Horace Walpoles seminal Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto, was published in 1764. Although vilified by much of the contemporary press the Gothic had its champions, many of whom were also its practitioners including Walpole, the subsequent generations

Crucial Role Contributing Organization †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Crucial Role Contributing Organization. Answer: Introduction The nature and scope of organizational behavior involves structuring of an organization by way and means such that its goals can be met(Greenberg, 2011). Allocating responsibilities to individual to get a task done requires delegation of responsibility and in matching a job role to a particular job. Individuals role has great significance in any organization. Organization behaviour is a study of an individual or group of people tendency or choice, and interpersonal relationship with in the work place. It is a study of management to analyze and handle individual behavior in organization. Managers personality as a reflection on employees performance as they are the ones responsible for conducting their employees according to authors Callahan, Fleenor and Kudson. Its a management responsibility to predict, recognize, appreciate and allocate work as per requirement for maximum gain in organization. In short its a psychological behaviour of an employees towards work. The scope of the essa y covers relevant literature analysis and review of role played in matching an individual role to that of a particular job and in analyzing the same. The study of individual behaviour is utmost essential as much as profit target assumption before starting any business. The scope of the following literature reflects the relation that individual performance and ways it can be related to personality, attitudes and other prominent individualistic traits. Organizational work environment as well as growth is based on individual performance and role in the company like role of manager, workers(Scott, 2011). According to theory of Mars there are five types of individual behaviors and characteristics Emotions, facial expressions, thought process, actions, temperament, physical personality, strength, gender and many more altogether forms a persons personality. Performance is directly related to nature and willingness of individual to work and progress. Personality characteristics can be further divided into five straits like occupational strait, which combination of job allocated and resources provided to support work. Secondly work Family is an individual personal conflict reflect on job profile, frustration makes people to show poor performance as per Chesterd Barnard. Organizational Culture Presentation has been released in the form of model by Edgar Scheiin to understand culture at organization. Researchers and authors have elaborate culture in three ways to understand in a better way, firstly through Artifacts and behaviors(Schein, 2010). Secondly, through Espoused value and thirdly through Shared basic assumptions. Understating values of work and its importance helps to motivate employees under managers. Persons grade is judge and finalised on the basis of their behaviour by valuing the organisational motive and principles. Every employee value should be determined as per organizational culture. Any individual works best in pressure however employee burnout factor is not encouraged. Physical stress sometimes forces people to shift to other organisation. Mental pressure sometimes results in poor performance. Emotions distract ones mind during work. Emotionally weak people stress more on personal things and results in worst behaviour with colleagues. Arrogance makes in dividual down in front of others. Individual perception towards the actions outcome whether right for all over employees at work or wrong. Reflection of some employees behaviour effects overall organisation and it directly affect the growth of company(Alvesson, 2012). There are two types of organizational behavior, traditional Model which was maintained and carried during ancient times like Feudalism and slavery. Secondly, Modern Models of organizational behavior are autocratic Model refers to every employee work performance based on power to execute work as per knowledge and skill. Authority allocated to perform without consent along with full Obedience without breaking laws and policies. Some employees are depended on managers nod of agree. Survival is always based on nature, so positive behaviour helps company to retain them for long. In Custodial Model, Economic resources flexibility and availability in organisation helps employees to perform higher growth. Securities and benefits to employees working in factories and units via insurance cover and health insurance motivate them to work with positive attitude. Security of job for long duration makes them feel secure as a family member. Employees psychological behavior has great impact on improvement and innovation in organisation. Expertise effort behaviour to take company at higher level makes organisation depends on individual. Cooperation between managers and employees make the company to produce best performance. In Supportive model managers attitude towards others as leaders, force other employees to work in pressure along with their support for betterment of company. Job performance by employees of every level, survey and apply and execute changes where required by management helps to allocate work in best fit to culture for smooth running. Participation by employees as per their knowledge, skills and allocation helps the organisation to growth and continuous improvement. Its also called psychological effect on company. Employees are provided with perks and facilities as per their standard of job and profile in company. Satisfaction with allocated facilities, motivate them to further work efficiently for growth prospects. Performance results quarterly annually is analysed by management for appraisal in terms of money and designation force employees to work hard for best performance result. In Collegial Model is a sum of Team work by Managers, employees by following discipline; maintain good behaviour with co workers for self respect and self motivation and attitude towards work. Modern way of techniques used to encourage colleagues following modernisation. In S-O-B-C Model identifies individual characteristics in the form of passion and commitment towards work. Passion for particular work tends people to work more efficiently by applying more innovative ideas(Robbins, 2011). Higher demands make people to work harder for better commitment for money. Organisational behaviour is influenced by three social characteristics as psychology of any person is related to their nature, behaviour with co workers, clients, managers and cultural behaviour of organisation towards employees. Performance and productivity within organization is analyzed using by various factors as everything is co-related. Positive environment at work place helps employees to work efficiently and negative force them to leave the organisation or work in pressure without enthusiasm. Organization is formed with the combination of individual as well as organizational behavior at work place in the form of art and science. Knowledge accommodates through education and upbringing is a science and skills and ability to perform best is an art. Relations with workers are social behavior with each other. The various models are evaluated and analyzed to provide relevant inputs and insights regarding employees performance and their individual contribution towards development of the organization and in meeting their goals. Quantitative method is used generally to observe and analyse organisational behaviour via correlations of every employees, analysing differentiate in behaviour of individual, diversified uses of models to study behaviour and implementation and time series analysis. Qualitative method on the other hand refers to analysis of behaviour through taking interviews during time of recruitment, by taking aptitude tests in verbal and written form to recognise ability, knowledge, intelligence, skills, motivations and target towards work(Griffin, 2011). Organisational behavior is analyzed by management through study of individual employee behaviour, research and then applying on allocating work as per knowledge and ability. Managers solve the problem by leadership skills. Atmosphere at work place determines positive or negative effect on work. Fair policies and relationship between managers and workers help to generate great work and progress to achieve main objective. People thinking can be recognized logically to cope up with future hurdles at work place. Thus, productivity can greatly be enhanced to attain goals within the organization and to ensure that an organization can progress and become more competitive. Conclusion Considering above analysis and literature review, it can conclude that Individual behaviour reflects the growth, innovations and future prospects of any organisations. Contribution of individual behaviour in the form of motivation, objective, correlations with workers, manager, positive relations with management. Satisfaction of employees through service as per their ability from management as perks like car, accommodation provided as well good salary package motivate them to work with great enthusiasm helps growth of organisation and individual also. Study of managerial behaviour helps to drive other employees to complete target before time with applying best skills and technologies to reach to goals primarily set by the company. Finally growth of company depends on growth of individual with the characteristics of self motivation, behaviour, attitude, aim, future planned. Reference Lists Alvesson, M., 2012. Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Greenberg, J., 2011. Behavior in organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Griffin, R.W...M.G., 2011. Organizational behavior. Nelson Education. Robbins, S.P...J.T.A., 2011. Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.. Schein, E.H., 2010. Organizational culture and leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Scott, K.A..H.J.M...G.J.A., 2011. The diverse organization: Finding gold at the end of the rainbow. Human Resource Management, pp.735-55.

Message of the play Essay Example For Students

Message of the play Essay An Inspector Calls J.B. Priestly An Inspector Calls written by J.B. Priestly, 1945, but was set in 1912. In 1912 JB priestly was only 18 years of age. As he had lived through both wars he could see what had actually happened in the time the play was set. In the play, he uses the characters to express his views about socialism and possibly about class divisions. The play would have been extremely poignant for audiences around 1945 as they would have just experienced this miserable and disastrous war. You may think this play would have had more of an influence on the audiences of 1945 than the audiences of 2002, but war still exists today. For example the September 11th tragedy in New York, where two aeroplanes were purposely flown into the twin tower buildings and thousands of people were killed. This was an act of terrorism and it shows how even though the play has a strong, clear message and is still performed to audiences today we have still not learnt the lesson, people should learn to get along and look out for one another. This is why the play is still relevant today and attracts as many audiences now as the play An Inspector Calls did in the late 1940s. My essay will show the role of the inspector, Inspector Goole and how Priestly puts across his views. The play An Inspector Calls, is about the Birling family, who are quite well off, and they are celebrating their daughters engagement with her to be husband, Gerald. The father is happy that his daughter is getting married to him as Geralds father is the owner of a company who Birling would like to have closer to him. Maybe start a partnership. Youre just the kind of son-in-law I always wanted. The inspector comes to the celebration and breaks up the party, questioning the family on the death of a young girl, Eva Smith, who had died by drinking disinfectant. On the arrival of the inspector, he seems like a regular inspector, and the Birlings dont seem to act as if much is wrong. Mr. Birling has a few jokes with the inspector, expecting he was just there because of trouble with a warrant, until he gives the idea that they are being questioned on the suspicion of murder and concludes the whole family being cleverly interviewed by inspector Goole. We also get this feeling later on when Mr Birling talks about the war and how its a load of nonsense, Nonsense nobody wants war. The tension begins to rise when you realise that Geralds parents are not present at dinner, which is strange seeing as it is his engagement party. The thing that we never find out during this story is why they are not present. He added dramatic irony into the play. He also used it to make a fool out of Mr. Birling with, perhaps just from stereotypical aspect, but maybe J.B. Priestley knows a person quite like Mr. Birling? He uses dramatic irony with great effect and even manages to make slight humour out of a tragedy. Mr. Birling spoke Nobody wants war Everything to lose and nothing to gain by war; when the audience knows a while later two world wars were to occur. Arthur Birling also quotes the Titanic, saying that its unsinkable. The Titanic, again a while later, sunk after hitting an iceberg. I will move on to speak about the inspectors clever or cunning way of his interviewing technique. He gets every character on there own and shows them a photograph of Eva Smith, but is it the same photo that he shows to everyone? Then when the order of the family members he interviewed eventually gave away that he wasnt actually an inspector but gave them a shock as he made the Birling family think how there actions actually affect peoples lives. Mrs birling feels no sadness even though she refused her help and would not let others help the girl but infact told them not to help she feels she was just. .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb , .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .postImageUrl , .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb , .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb:hover , .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb:visited , .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb:active { border:0!important; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb:active , .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5840cc2b25cb9f6bb98cc8c617afdeb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kiss of the Spider Woman Essay ThesisYoure not even sorry now, when you know what happened to the girl?  JB priestly is really clever in how he creates tension because to create tension for the audience the whole drama is set in one room, the dining room. It is here where the audience become involved deeply in the unfolding thriller and develop relationships with the different characters. We are told that: The dining room is of a fairly large suburban house, it has good solid furniture of the period. By only using one room Priestley does not confuse his audience with different sets and this allows the audience to concentrate more on the characters and the  message of t he play. Personally I think that the whole family is responsible for the death of Eva Smith because the whole family has had the own part to play because even innocent mars Birling has her part in Evas death. But if anyone did have to be specifically had to be blamed then I would say either Eric of Gerald because they roles basically made her feel really low and like scum.  I think that the family have learned that even if they are a high class family everyone deserves a bit a respect and not to treat lower class as cheap and rubbish and that they are human beings as well.  If the audience have learnt anything it would be that people arent always what they seem because of what the Birling family did to Eva.  I think that it was a very good play with a good plot and the characters are fantastic, however I think that JB priestly did write An inspector calls from Dangerous Corner.